第二部分：閱讀理解（共25小題；每小題2分，滿分50分）

  閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。   

A

  It's hard to find Alice Munro in the media．Even after she won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Canadian writer just appeared for a quick interview and then dropped out of 8ight．On Dec 29, she still didn't seek the spotlight（聚光燈）when she was named one of the rive Women of the Year by the Financial Times．

  In Munro's eyes, ordinary lives always hide larger dramas． So she records what we casually think of as the everyday actions of normal people, She often focuses on life in her hometown, a small village in Ontario which 8he is most familiar with．She writes about the ordinary things in the village－fox forming;, trees felled in the Ontario wilderness, poor country achool8 and long last illnesses．Above all, she talk8 about girls and women who have seemingly ordinary lives but struggle against daily misfortune．

  She has a special talent for uncovering the extraordinary in the ordinary． These are ordinary people, ordinary stories, but she has the magic． Her precise language, depth of detail and the logic of her storytelling have made her stories inviting．

  Runaway, one of Munro's representative works, is a good example of her writing style．One of the stories centers on the life of an ordinary woman Carla, who lives in a small Canadian town with her husband Clark．The story slowly forms a picture of Carla, trapped in a bad marriage, her unhappiness building into desperation until she decide8 to flee．The story of Carla is a story of the power and betrayals of love．It is about lost children and l08t chance8 that we can all find in life, There is pain beneath the surface, like a needle in the heart．

  Since she published her first collection of 8hort stories in 1968, Munro has won many a wards, with the Nobel Prize being her bigge8t honor．On Oct 10, 2013, the Nobel Prize commit-tee named Munro the "master of the contemporary short story"．

41．We learn from Paragraph 1 that Alice Munro         

A．didn't get on well with the media

B．was 8urprised at winning the Nobel Prize

C．didn't value the title of Women of the Year

D．remained modest though very successful

42．Many of Alice Munro's works         

A．focus on everyday life of ordinary people

B．are about betrayals of love and violence

C．center on the happy life of country women

D．are romantic stories setting in her hometown

43．What makes Alice Munro's stories fascinating according to the text?

A．The complicated plots． B．Her writing techniques．

C．The humorous language． D．Her rich imagination．

44．In her representative work Run．away, Carla         

A．leads a happy life with Clark

B．is a faithful wife to her husband

C．tries to run away from her husband

D．loses all hopes for a better life

45．What is the text mainly about?

A．Alice Munro and her hometown． B．The awards Alice Munro won．

C．Alice Munro's literary life． D．Alice Munro and her writing style．

B

Parents used to rely on physical punishments to control their children's bad behavior, which has been proven to be very harmful．Therefore, most parents now choose to simply yell, thinking that language probably won't hurt as much．But is that really so?

  Using harsh words such as "lazy" or "stupid" is just as harmful as hitting, according to a new study carried out at the University of Pittsburgh, US．"It cannot reduce or correct their problem behavior," said Professor Ming - Te Wang, leader of the study, in an interview with The Wall Street Journal．"On the contrary, it makes it worse．"

  In the study, which involved 976 two - parent families, researchers asked the kids about their behavior problems, while asking their parents how often they had yelled at them． Nearly half of the parents admitted that they'd shouted at their children in the past year．Researchers noted that the kids whose parents used more harsh words experienced more behavior problems after-wards, including fighting, stealing, lying as well as symptoms of depression．

    "Adolescence is a very sensitive period when kids arc trying Lo develop their self -identities（個性）．When you yell, it makes them feel they are not capable, and that they are worthless and useless," Wang said．"This may explain why so many parents say that no matter how loud they shout, their teenagers don' t listen．                                             

    While harsh yelling can stop bad behavior in the moment, it doesn' t teach children to be-have how parents want them to, according to Professor Alan Kazdin of Yale University, US．What parents need is to praise their children for good behavior．If parents really need to punish their kids, they should try things like taking away smartphones and reminding them that good behavior will get them back． After all, "we want to teach kids, not hurt them," said Kazdin．

46．How do most parents react to their children's misbehaving now?

  A．Letting them alone． B．Beating them．

  C．Shouting at them．  D．Praising them．

47．The study finds that using harsh words         ．

A．can make things even worse B．inspires children to do better

C．corrects children's bad behavior D．has a better effect than hitting

48．According to Professor Ming - Te Wang,           ． 

A．physical punishments are sometimes necessary

B．children are more self - centered in adolescence

C．parents should never punish kids for misbehaving

D．harsh yelling damages children's self - confidence

49．In Professor Alan Kazdin's opinion, parents should           

A．set good examples for their children

B．take away their children' s smartphones

C．praise their children for good behavior

D．always think in their children's shoes

50．What does the underlined word "them" in the last paragraph refer to?

A．children         B．bad behaviors       C．parents D．smartphones

C

It' s never a real problem for us when the weather gets cold． We have many different ways of coping with the cold．We can put on more clothes, stay next to a fireplace, turn on the air conditioner or simply travel to a warmer city to spend the winter．But things are not as easy for plants Unlike humans, plants can’t move to escape the cold or generate heat to keep themselves warm．So how do they manage to survive the freezing winter?

  The cold is a big challenge for plants．Their living tissues can be damaged when they freeze．It's like a plant's equivalent(相等物）to frostbite（凍瘡）．Also，the process of freezing and thawing（解凍）can cause air bubbles to form in the plant's water transport system．If enough of these air bubbles come together as water thaws they can block the flow of water from the roots to the leaves and kill the plant．

  To live through cold weather，plants have developed three strategies，Some plants，such as oak trees, avoid freezing damage by dropping their leaves, before the winter chill sets in-effectively shutting off the flow of water between roots and leaves—and growing new leaves and water transport cells when the warm spring returns. Other plants, pine trees for example, protect them-selves by narrowing their water transport cells, which makes it easier for cells to travel among air bubbles．The third stratef;yi8 also the most extreme．Some plants; die on the ground in winter and start growing as new plants from seeds when conditions get warmer．

  However, these smart strategies were developed \nmry8lowly－over millions of years of evolution．This leads scientists to worry that plants may not be able to deal with human-caused climate change, which has only started occurring over the past few decades．Scientists are hoping to find possible ways to save plants from the threat of climate change．

51．What is the text mainly about?

A．Different ways for people to keep warm．

B．How plants live through the freezing winter．

  C．How plants develop the strategies to keep warm

   D．The ways to save plants from the cold,

 

52．If the water transport from roots to leaves 18 blocked,         ．

  A．the plant will suffer from frostbite

  B．air bubbles will be formed

  C．the plant's living tissues will be damaged

  D．the plant will be killed

53．Oak trees protect themselves by           ．

A．stopping the water transport from roots to leaves

B．dropping their leaves to grow seeds

C．slowing the flow of water from roots to leaves

D．storing enough water in the roots

54．What does the underlined phrase “sets in” mean in Paragraph 3?

A．stops   B．begins   C．leaves   D．returns

55．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．Plants can, easily adapt to climate change．

B．Scientists are making efforts to save plants．

C．Climates change is a great threat to plants．

  D．Plants are developing new strategies to survive．

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